Relative difficulty: Medium
Word of the Day: OGALLALA (35D: Great Plains aquifer that supplies over a quarter of U.S. irrigation water) —
The Ogallala Aquifer (oh-gə-LAH-lə) is a shallow water table aquifer surrounded by sand, silt, clay, and gravel located beneath the Great Plains in the United States. As one of the world's largest aquifers, it underlies an area of approximately 174,000 sq mi (450,000 km2) in portions of eight states (South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas). It was named in 1898 by geologist N. H. Darton from its type locality near the town of Ogallala, Nebraska. The aquifer is part of the High Plains Aquifer System, and resides in the Ogallala Formation, which is the principal geologic unit underlying 80% of the High Plains.Large-scale extraction for agricultural purposes started after World War II due partially to center pivot irrigation and to the adaptation of automotive engines to power groundwater wells. Today about 27% of the irrigated land in the entire United States lies over the aquifer, which yields about 30% of the ground water used for irrigation in the United States. The aquifer is at risk of over-extraction and pollution. Since 1950, agricultural irrigation has reduced the saturated volume of the aquifer by an estimated 9%. Once depleted, the aquifer will take over 6,000 years to replenish naturally through rainfall.
The aquifer system supplies drinking water to 82% of the 2.3 million people (1990 census) who live within the boundaries of the High Plains study area.
Other things:
- 1A: Utterance that's usually made in pairs (TSK)— got it ... but then immediately doubted it, because TUT works just as well. Anyway, neither of them helped with crosses (though that "K" really should've gotten me KATSU—mad at myself for not immediately remembering KATSU) (3D: Chicken ___, panko-breaded dish)
- 6A: Classic stop on the vaudeville circuit (PEORIA) — "but will it play in PEORIA?" is a question I remember hearing ... somehow ... in the past ... when pop culture still had a memory of vaudeville. Maybe on The Love Boat?
- 18A: How criticism of a pastry chef might be delivered? (TARTLY) — good one
- 31A: Zendaya's role on "Euphoria" (RUE) — one of those answers that makes the puzzle feel like it skews younger (than me). No interest in this show, no idea what characters' names are. Last RUE I knew was in ... Hunger Games, right? Yes. Before that, it was just McClanahan. She was definitely on The Love Boat, at least once.
- 36A: Acts of service and words of affirmation, for two (LOVE LANGUAGES) — I like the answer, but the clue is dull as dishwater. I wanted more vivid or specific or relatable LOVE LANGUAGES, like ... I dunno, "Baking" or "Foot Massages" or "Sarcasm." The ones in the clue are just lifted from the standard "Five Love Languages," which comes from a book by Gary Chapman, whoever that is, yawn
- 10D: Like the exterior columns at the Parthenon (DORIC)— so ... not Corinthian, then? Got it.
- 12D: Candies originally named for their imperfect shape (MILK DUDS) — ok so you know how most things people call "fun facts" are just "facts" and not "fun"? Well this is a fun fact. Legitimately fun. Revelatory.
- 58D: Club purchase that comes with rules of etiquette (LAP DANCE) — LOL when I finally got this, as I was picturing like a tennis or golf club, and imagining "comes with" meant that they literally handed out a booklet or whatever. Pretty sure that's not what's happening in the strip club. If it's about strip clubs and it's not in ANORA (which still somehow hasn't appeared in the NYTXW), then I don't know about it.
- 51D: Down Under wear (UGGS)— they ... they wear these all over. Famously. Everywhere. Here there everywhere. Yes, originated Down Under, but ... weird clue. Although it did lead me to this great line from wikipedia: "In Australia, [UGGS] are worn predominantly as slippers and often associated with daggy fashion sense and bogan culture."DAGGY! BOGAN! Please, can we? We've run out of good U.S. slang. Time to go ... down under.
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