Relative difficulty: Easy
- JACK AND JILL (17A: Nursery rhyme about a disastrous trip up a hill)
- HUMPTY DUMPTY (28A: Nursery rhyme about the perils of sitting on a wall)
- LONDON BRIDGE (45A: Nursery rhyme about the hazards of decaying infrastructure)
Edna St. Vincent Millay (February 22, 1892 – October 19, 1950) was an American lyrical poet and playwright. Millay was a renowned social figure and noted feminist in New York City during the Roaring Twenties and beyond. She wrote much of her prose and hackwork verse under the pseudonym Nancy Boyd.
Millay won the 1923 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for her poem "Ballad of the Harp-Weaver"; she was the first woman and second person to win the award. In 1943, Millay was the sixth person and the second woman to be awarded the Frost Medal for her lifetime contribution to American poetry.
Millay was highly regarded during much of her lifetime, with the prominent literary critic Edmund Wilson calling her "one of the only poets writing in English in our time who have attained to anything like the stature of great literary figures.'' By the 1930s, her critical reputation began to decline, as modernist critics dismissed her work for its use of traditional poetic forms and subject matter, in contrast to modernism's exhortation to "make it new." However, the rise of feminist literary criticism in the 1960s and 1970s revived an interest in Millay's works. (wikipedia)
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt. When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae.
Marl makes up the lower part of the cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States.
Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement. (wikipedia)
Notes:
- 2D: Eight-armed creatures (OCTOPUSES) — hurray, an answer for the pluralizing purists! None of this OCTOPI baloney. Here's a handy explanation of how to pluralize (and not pluralize) "octopus," from the good folks at Ocean Conservancy:
[Sadly, OCTOPI is in dictionaries and constructor databases and therefore isn't going to die any time soon] |
- 23A: Susceptible to sunburn (PALE)— I resemble that remark! (note: I wouldn't put "sunburn" in the clue when SUNRISES is in the grid, but as with "octopus" pluralizing, I tend toward persnicketiness in these matters.
- 48A: Energy, idiomatically (STEAM) — never saw this clue (obviously, because I solved Downs-only), but it's the kind of thing that would've slowed me down. It's funny that STEAM hangs around as a metaphor for energy. I assume it comes from STEAM-engine trains. Yes, that appears to be true. Earliest evidence of its use as a metaphor for "energy" in the OED (that I can see) is the 1830s, and as "first usage" quotations go, it's a good one:
- 1832
I have..a way of going a-head, by getting up the steam..—and the fuel is brandy.
Newton Forster vol. III. iii. 39,
- 43A: "My Zoom joke flopped ... I guess it's not remotely funny," e.g. (PUN) — what if your joke about your Zoom joke flopping also flops? Sadly, this joke was not on "still on mute."
- 5D: How often many people brush their teeth (avert your eyes, dentists!) (ONCE A DAY) — such a weirdly worked-up and judgy clue. With the histrionic parenthetical aside to dentists at the end, I thought the answer was going to be way more alarming than ONCE A DAY. Like NOT AT ALL. And "many"? "Many people"? How many? If you've got an actual statistic, by all means run with it, but this "many" assertion is absurd.
- 61D: Valvoline competitor (STP) — clue: "Valvoline." brain: "Vaseline ... has 3-letter competitors?"
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